Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are the major component of phenolics in apple, but mechanisms involved in PA biosynthesis remain unclear.Here, the relationship between the PA biosynthesis and the expression of genes encoding leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR) and anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) was investigated in fruit skin of one apple cultivar and three c
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem disease with a range of abdominal manifestations including those involving the liver, pancreas, and kidneys.Recent advances in management of the respiratory complications of the disease has led to a greater life expectancy in patients with CF.Subsequently, there is increasing focus on the impact of abdominal di
In this paper, the key topics jet puffed lucky charms marshmallows of tunable structural color in biology and material science are overviewed.Color in biology is considered for selected groups of tropical fish, octopus, squid and beetle.It is caused by nanoplates in iridophores and varies with their spacing, tilting angle and refractive index.These
Patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases are potentially at risk of more serious Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and increased mortality due to immunosuppressive therapies and disease-related medical comorbidities.Uncertainty about the safety and efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccines is a trinity bay vodka major deterrent for patients